Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.
They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a
certain condition (in the clause with if)
is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.
Conditional Usage in 3 Types.
Type 1: It is possible and also very likely that the
condition will be fulfilled.
If clause
verb tense: Simple Present
Main clause
verb tense: Simple Future
Type 2: It is possible but very unlikely, that the
condition will be fulfilled.
If clause
verb tense: Simple Past
Main clause
verb tense: Present conditional or Present continuous conditional
Type 3: It is impossible that the condition will be
fulfilled because it refers to the past.
If clause
verb tense: Past Perfect
Main clause
verb tense: Perfect Conditional
Explanation Each Type of Conditional Clause
Type 1 (if + Simple Present, will-Future)
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action
in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that
time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled
or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to
happen.
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
I want to send an
invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure,
however, that I will find it.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence.
In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.
Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him
in the evening.
Type 2 (if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive))
Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the
present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I
don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what
would happen if …“
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an
invitation.
I would like to send an
invitation to a friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot
find it. So now I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her
address.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence.
In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her
address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.
Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
Were instead of Was, In IF Clauses Type II, we usually
use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
Example: If I were you, I would not do this.
Type 3: (if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past
Participle))
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the
past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been
fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would
have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an
invitation.
Sometime in the past, I
wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however.
So in the end I didn't send her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence.
In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found
her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.
Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my
exams.
More Examples
If-clause at the beginning
Type 1 = If I study, I will pass the exam.
Type 2 = If I studied, I would pass the exam.
Type 3 = If I had studied,I would have passed the exam.
If-clause at the end
Type 1 = I will pass the exam if
I study.
Type 2 = I would pass the exam if I studied.
Type 3 = I would have passed the exam if I had studied.
Affirmative and Negative Sentences
Type 1 + If
I study, I will pass the exam.
- If I study, I will not fail the exam.
If
I do not study, I will fail the exam.
Type 2 + If I studied, I would pass the exam.
- If I studied, I would not fail the
exam.
If
I did not study, I would fail the exam.
Type 3 + If I had studied, I would have passed
the exam.
- If I had studied, I would not have
failed the exam.
If
I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.
Exercise
TYPE 1
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 1) by putting the
verbs into the correct form.
- If you (send) ________ this letter now, she (receive) ________ it tomorrow.
- If I (do) ______ this test, I (improve) ______ my English.
- If I (find) ______ your ring, I (give) ______ back to you.
TYPE 2
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 3) by putting the
verbs into the correct form. Use conditional 1 with would in the main clause.
- If we (have) _______ a yacht, we (sail) _______ the seven seas.
- If he (have) _______ more time, he (learn) ______ karate.
- If they (tell) ________ their father, he (be) ________ very angry.
TYPE 3
Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type 3) by putting the
verbs into the correct form. Use conditional 2 with would in the main clause.
- If you (study) _______ for the test, you (pass) _______ it.
- If you (ask) _______ me, I (help) ___________ you.
- If we (go) ________ to the cinema, we (see) ___________ my friend Jacob.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Answer
TYPE 1
- send, will receive
- do, will improve
- find, will give
TYPE 2
- had, would sail
- had, would learn
- told, would be
TYPE 3
- had studied, would have passed
- had asked, would have helped
- had gone, would have seen
Sources:
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/conditional/
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.html
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conditional2.htm
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